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History: From One Student to Another
  • Home
  • IGCSE: Germany, 1918-45
    • The Weimar Republic
      • Early Political and Economic Crises of the New Weimar Republic
        • The German Revolution of 1918
        • The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution
        • The Spartacist Uprising
        • German Reaction to The Treaty Of Versailles
        • The Kapp Putsch
        • The French Invasion of the Ruhr and Hyperinflation
      • Recovery and Prosperity during the ‘Golden Age’
        • The role of Stresemann in solving hyperinflation
        • The Weimar Republic’s foreign policy successes
        • The cultural achievements of the Weimar period
        • Continuing political and economic problems
        • The extent to which the republic recovered between 1924-1929
    • Nazi Germany
      • The Nazi Party’s Rise to Power
        • The Nazi Party during the 1920s
          • Hitler’s role in the early Nazi Party
          • The Nazi’s political idea: 25 Point Party programme
          • The Munich Putsch: its failures and successes
          • The reasons why the Nazis had little success in the 1920s
        • Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor in 1933
          • The Wall Street Crash and the effects of the Great Depression on Germany
          • Nazi elections promises and campaign methods between 1930-1933
          • The reasons why Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor in January 1933
        • Hitler’s consolidation of power 1933-1934
          • The Reichstag Fire and Emergency Powers
          • The March Elections of 1933 and the Enabling Act
          • The Gleichschaltung Laws
          • The Night of the Long Knives and the Oath of Loyalty
          • The death of Hindenburg
      • Nazi control over Germany
        • Methods of control
          • The use of terror through the SS, Gestapo and law courts
          • The use of propaganda
          • Control over the Christian Churches
        • Persecution of minorities and opposition groups
          • Aktion T4
          • Reasons for the persecution of minorities
          • Increasing persecution of Jews in the 1930s
          • Opposition to the Nazis
          • Why was there not more opposition?
      • Life in Nazi Germany
        • Policies towards women, families and young people
          • Nazi views of women, their aims and their policies towards them
          • Nazi views of young people, their aims and their policies towards them
          • Youth opposition groups
        • Nazi Economic Policy
        • The impact of the Second World War on Germany
          • Early Nazi successes through blitzkrieg
          • Rationing, allied bombing and the war economy
          • Increased opposition
          • The Holocaust and the Final Solution
      • Was Nazi Germany a totalitarian state?
  • IGCSE: International Relations
    • The Peace Treaties
      • The Paris Peace Conference
      • The Treaty of Versailles
    • The League of Nations
      • Organisation of the League of Nations
      • Why did the Depression make the League's job more difficult?
      • Why did the world disarmament conference fail?
      • The Manchurian Crisis
      • The Abyssinian Crisis
      • Reasons why the League failed
    • The Causes of the Second World War
      • Hitler’s foreign policy aims
      • German involvement in the Spanish Civil War
      • Anschluss with Austria
      • The Sudetenland Crisis and the Munich Agreement
      • The Nazi-Soviet Pact
      • Hitler's role in causing the war
    • The Origins of the Cold War
      • The Yalta Agreement
      • The Potsdam Agreement
      • Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech
      • The Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe
      • The US Policy of Containment
      • The causes of the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift and its consequences
      • Who was to blame?
    • How did the Soviets take-over Eastern Europe?
      • How did the United States react?
        • Where were these policies practiced?
        • How did the Soviet Union respond to the actions of the USA?
    • How did the Soviet Union keep control over countries in Eastern Europe?
      • 1948: The Berlin Blockade
      • 1956: The Hungarian Revolution
      • 1961: The Berlin Wall
      • 1968: Events in Czechoslovakia
      • 1979: The Soviet Afghan War
      • 1980: The Solidarity Movement in Poland
    • The Korean War
    • How far did Cold War tensions increase in the 1950s?
    • The Cuban Missile Crisis
    • The Vietnam War
      • (b) Why did US involvement in the Vietnam War escalate? [6 marks]
      • Types of Warfare in the Vietnam War
      • Why did the USA withdraw from Vietnam?
    • Why did events in the Gulf matter, c. 1979-2000?
      • Why was Saddam Hussein able to come to power in Iraq?
      • How influential was Stalin to Saddam's rule over Iraq?
      • Why was there an Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979?
      • What were the consequences of the Iranian Revolution?
      • Why did the Iran-Iraq war last for so long?
      • How dangerous was the Iran-Iraq war for stability in the Gulf?
      • Why did the Gulf War only last for 7 months?
      • Who suffered more from the First Gulf War: Saddam or his people?
  • IGCSE: Exam Techniques
    • Paper 1
    • Paper 2
      • What is the message of this cartoon?
      • How far do these sources agree?
      • How similar are these two cartoons?
      • Why was this source published in …?
      • Are you surprised by this source?
      • How reliable is this source?
      • What can we learn from this source about (a certain topic/event/etc)?
      • Why was this speech made in (year/location/etc)?
      • How useful is this source for a historian studying/as evidence about (a per
      • Does Source * prove Source * wrong/right?
      • Does Source * mean that [the author of other source] was lying in Source*?
      • Does Source * make Source * surprising?
      • Question 6: Source-Based Essay Question
    • Paper 4
    • How to revise for History IGCSE
  • AS-Level: International History, 1870–1945
    • Empire and the emergence of world powers, 1870–1919
      • Scramble for Africa
        • European Rivalry over Africa
        • Why did European imperialism increase tensions between the Great Powers?
        • Was European imperialism beneficial or detrimental for Africans?
        • How did Africans resist European Imperialism?
        • Why did the Boers and Britain go to war in 1899?
      • Scramble for China
        • How did Colonial Powers carve up China?
        • The Open Door Note and Open Door Policy
        • Why did the Boxer Rebellion break out in 1899? [10]
      • The emergence of Japan as a world power
        • 1853: Commodore Perry's visit to Japan
        • 1868-90: Meiji Reforms
        • 1894-95: First Sino-Japanese War
        • 1895: The Treaty of Shimonoseki
        • 1895: Triple Intervention
        • 1902: Anglo-Japanese Alliance
        • 1904-05: Russo-Japanese War
        • 1914-18: The First World War
      • The emergence of the USA as a world power
        • Why had the USA become a continental power by 1890?
        • Economic growth and the need for trade in the late nineteenth century
        • Why did the US wish to expand it's international interests?
        • 1898: The Spanish-American War
        • The USA's entry into the First World War
          • Why was the US neutral until 1917?
          • How did the USA contribute to the Allied war effort?
    • The League of Nations and international relations in the 1920s
      • Why was there dissatisfaction with the peace settlements of 1919-1920?
        • Background
        • The Peace Settlements of 1919-23
          • The Treaty of Versailles (1919)
          • The Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919)
          • The Treaty of Neuilly (1919)
          • The Treaty of Trianon (1920)
          • The Treaty of Sevres (1920)
          • The Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
        • Reparations
        • Reactions of victors and defeated powers
      • Crises and Tensions
        • French Invasion of the Ruhr in 1923
        • Corfu Crisis of 1923
        • The Washington Conferences (1921-22)
        • The Genoa Conference (1922)
        • The Rapallo Pact (1922)
        • Treaty of Lausanne
      • Improving international relations, 1924-1929
        • The Role of the USA
        • Economic Recovery and Reconstruction
        • Locarno Conference
        • The Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
        • The Young Plan (1929)
      • Aims, membership and structure of the League
        • Member Countries
        • Organisations of the League of Nations
        • Administering the Post-War peace settlements
      • The League's work
        • Collective Security
        • Preventing Future War
        • The League and Disputes
        • The League’s Unsuccessful Work
        • The League’s Successful Humanitarian Work
    • The League of Nations and international relations in the 1930s
      • 1929: The Great Depression
      • 1932-1934: The World Disarmament Conference
      • The Failure of Disarmament
      • 1934-1937: The Abyssinian Crisis
      • 1935: What was the Stresa Front?
      • 1936: Spanish Civil War
      • 1936: Foreign Responses to the Civil War in Spain
      • Hitler's Foreign Policy
      • Why did Britain and France pursue a policy of appeasement?
        • 1933: German Rearmament
        • 1936: Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
        • 1938: Anschluss with Austria (1938)
        • 1938: Czechoslovakia and the Munich Conference
      • 1939: The Nazi-Soviet Pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact)
      • 1939: The Invasion of Poland
      • Why did war break out in 1939?
      • Was Britain prepared for war in 1939?
    • China and Japan, 1912–1945
      • How did the Communists gain control of China?
      • 1919: The May the Fourth Movement
      • 1920s: Growth of the Kuomintang Party
      • 1926-1935: How did Chiang and the Kuomintang consolidate their power?
      • 1928: Attempts at Modernisation and Reforming China
      • 1936: The Xi'an Incident
      • 1936: The Sino-Japanese War
      • 1936–: Decline in support for Chiang Kai Shek and the Kuomintang
      • 1936-1948: The Yan’an Soviet
      • Japan’s international status in 1919
      • The Failure of Democracy in Japan
      • How did Military Rule affect the expansion of Japan?
      • What Caused Japanese Aggression in World War II?
      • The Implications of Pearl Harbour and Japanese Loss in World War II
  • A-Level: European history, 1919–41
    • The Three Dictators (1919–41): An Introduction
      • Adolf Hitler
      • Joseph Stalin
      • Benito Mussolini
    • Mussolini’s Italy, 1919–41
      • What claims did Italy make at the Paris Peace Conference?
      • What was the state of Italy after the First World War?
      • What were the problems of the Democratic Government, 1919-22?
        • Italian Social Democratic Party
        • The Socialist Party of Italy (PSI)
        • The Italian People's Party / Italian Popular Party (PPI)
        • Democratic Liberal Party (PLDI)
        • National Fascist Party
      • What was the appeal of Fascism from 1919–22?
      • Mussolini’s appointment as prime minister
      • What challenges did Mussolini face after his appointment as Prime Minister?
      • (1924) Matteotti Crisis
      • How did Mussolini establish a dictatorship?
      • Repression in Fascist Italy
      • Mussolini's use of Propaganda
      • Corfu & Fiume: Mussolini's Foreign Policy
      • Mussolini’s Diplomacy from 1923 to 1934
      • Italian aggression after 1934
      • The Fascist Corporate State
      • Mussolini's Economic Aims
      • Mussolini’s dealings with the Church
      • Mussolini’s approach to Education
      • Mussolini's views towards Women
      • Overview of Mussolini's Italy / Mussolini's Italy Essay Plans
    • Stalin’s Russia, 1924–41
      • What was the difference between Marxism and Leninism?
      • How did Stalin consolidate his power between 1922 and 1929?
      • The Economic Policies of Stalin’s Russia
        • Industry
        • Agriculture
      • Stalin’s views towards Women
      • The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia
      • The Treatment of Ethnic Minorities in the Soviet Union
      • How did Stalin use repression to gain absolute power?
      • How did Stalin establish a cult of personality?
      • How far was Stalin a totalitarian ruler?
      • The Legacy of Joseph Stalin
    • Hitler’s Germany, 1929–41
      • What were the problems of Weimar politicians from 1929?
      • Establishment of the Nazi Party & Nazi Policies
      • Hitler's Appointment as Chancellor
      • How did Hitler consolidate his power?
      • How did Hitler use propaganda to indoctrinate the German people?
      • Nazi Youth Groups
      • The Education System of Nazi Germany
      • Youth Opposition to the Nazis
      • Nazi policy towards minorities and opposition
      • Hitler’s Foreign Policy
      • Hitler's Economic Policies for Nazi Germany
      • How were women treated in Nazi Germany?
      • How did German life change under the Nazi Regime?
      • Strength through Joy (KDF)
      • Did the people of Germany truly support the Nazi Regime?
    • Britain, 1919–39
      • An Introduction to Post-World War Britain
      • The Irish Free State
      • The changing fortunes of the Conservative party
      • Who was Stanley Baldwin?
      • The First Labour Government
      • The General Strike of 1926
      • The Second Labour Government
      • Britain's response to the Great Depression
      • The Abdication of King Edward VIII
      • How did society and living standards change during the interwar period?
      • How did living standards change during the inter-war period?
      • How did the British people spend their leisure time in the interwar period?
      • The Policy of Appeasement
      • How did the British prepare for the Second World War?
  • A-Level: Exam Techniques
    • A-Level Paper 3
    • A-Level Paper 4
    • How to interpret and analyse sources
    • How to improve your source questions
    • How to revise for History A-Level
  • Learning Resources
  • 🏳️‍🌈 An LGBTQ+ Education (Podcast)
  • 🇺🇦 The Russo-Ukrainian War (Current Events Podcast)
History: From One Student to Another

Crises and Tensions

  • French Invasion of the Ruhr in 1923

  • Corfu Crisis of 1923

  • The Washington Conferences (1921-22)

  • The Genoa Conference (1922)

  • The Rapallo Pact (1922)

  • Treaty of Lausanne

Thanks to fellow students Ayusha, Hiya and Jane for some of the content in this section

LINK TO PODCAST: https://anchor.fm/from1student2another-hist/episodes/AS-Level-Crises-and-Tensions-in-the-early-1920s-em0jfc

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Images may be from external sources under Creative Commons licenses.Site content last updated: 6th December, 2022www.historyfromonestudenttoanother.com
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